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Polymers and Polymer Composites

The role of phosphate ester as a fire retardant in the palm-based rigid polyurethane foam

September 1, 2016 By: Nor Rabbi'atul Adawiyah Norzali; Khairiah Haji Badri Research article

Title: The role of phosphate ester as a fire retardant in the palm-based rigid polyurethane foam
Page Range: p.711-718
Author(s): Nor Rabbi’atul Adawiyah Norzali; Khairiah Haji Badri
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Journal: Polymers and Polymer Composites
Issue Year: ppc
Volume: 24
Issue No: No.9

Abstract
Palm-based polyurethane containing phosphate ester (PE) as fire retardant has been developed. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of PE inclusion into palm-based polyurethane (PU) system onto the mechanical and burning property of the PU. The PE was synthesised via ring-opening hydrolysis between phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and epoxy. The synthesis was conducted at 60-70 deg C with varying concentration of H3PO4 at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt.%. It was then added into the PU system at 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.%. Density of the PU foam was in the range of 45-50 kg(.)m-3. PE increased the compression strength and modulus of the PU. The highest compression stress (1441 kPa) and modulus (7733 kPa) were discovered with the addition of 10 wt.% PE. Burning properties showed that the addition of PE has decreased the burning rate of the PU foam. PU with PE synthesised from 5.0 wt.% H3PO4 showed excellent burning properties with the lowest burning rate (0.047 cm(.)s-1) compared to control PU which was at 0.119 cm(.)s-1. 23 Refs.

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