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Title: DEGRADATION BEHAVIOUR OF NATURAL RUBBER LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES
Page Range: p.1-20
Author(s): Shera Mathew; Siby Varghese; Rani Joseph
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Journal: Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology
Issue Year: prprt
Volume: 29
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The degradation behaviour of natural rubber latex nanocomposites employing various degrading agents viz. thermal, gamma and UV radiations, chlorination, sterilisation, ozone and solvents, was studied in detail. It was found that the layered silicate nanocomposite performed well in the presence of most of the degrading agents and such materials are suitable for processes such as chlorination, sterilisation etc. It was observed that the degrading action was arrested either due to the hindrance exerted by the clay layers against crack propagation or due to the barrier effect against the degrading agents. A better interaction of nanosilicates was found with a polymer matrix due to their higher surface area, making the matrix stiffer and the diffusion of heat and gases through the bulk more difficult hence, retarding the degradation of the composite. These points were illustrated using XRD, TEM, SEM and TGA studies. Kraus plot showed a strong filler-rubber interface in rubber nanocomposites. Schematic representation of the degradation of the nanocomposite demonstrated the effect of nanofillers in chain scission or crosslinking, which may occur during degradation. 28 Refs.
Title: INVENTORY ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF END-OF-LIFE PASSENGER VEHICLE PLASTIC BUMPER RECYCLING IN CHINA
Page Range: p.21-38
Author(s): Zhang Hongshen; Chen Ming
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Journal: Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology
Issue Year: prprt
Volume: 29
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
Pollution caused by the automotive industry has become a global threat to the environment and human existence, drawing great attention from an increasing number of countries. In this paper, the material depletion, energy consumption, and environmental emissions of each bumper life cycle unit were analysed using the inventory analysis method to determine the effect of passenger vehicle plastic bumper recycling on the eco-environment of China. The analysis provides a relevant reference for the recycling of other automobile materials and establishes a good foundation for car-related environmental policies and the sustainable development of the Chinese automobile industry. 32 Refs.
Title: THERMOGRAVIMETRIC AND MORPHOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF OXO-DEGRADABLE POLYETHYLENE FILMS AFTER ACCELERATED WEATHERING
Page Range: p.39-54
Author(s): Jalma Maria Klein; Gustavo Roberto Ramos; Ana Maria Coulon Grisa; Nichele Brandalise R; Mara Zeni
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Journal: Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology
Issue Year: prprt
Volume: 29
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
The degradation of polyethylene films containing a prodegradant additive has been studied after exposure to accelerated weathering for 480 hours. After exposure, the effects of photo-oxidation were evaluated by thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The kinetics of the thermo-oxidative degradation of polyethylene films, with and without the prodegradant additive, was assessed by applying the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method to thermogravimetric analysis carried out at different heating rates. The values of activation energy for samples with and without the prodegradant additive were in the range of 166-214 kJ/mol, and increased, after exposure to accelerated weathering, to values in the range of 245-279 kJ/mol. After exposure, the crystallinity index increased by 9 percentage points for the polyethylene sample without the prodegradant additive and by 8 percentage points for the sample containing the prodegradant additive. For both samples exposed to accelerated weathering, an increase in the carbonyl index was observed. The use of the prodegradant additive caused more evident changes in the crystalline regions of the polymer than in the amorphous regions; the results of this study are thus important from the standpoint of degradation, since the crystalline regions are considered difficult to degrade. 27 Refs.
Title: ANALYSIS OF THE WATER ASSISTED INJECTION TECHNIQUE BY USING ULTRASONIC
Page Range: p.55-68
Author(s): Becker S; Hopmann Ch
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Journal: Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology
Issue Year: prprt
Volume: 29
Issue No: No.1
Abstract
Water-assisted injection technique (WAIT) is well established for the production of plastics parts with functional hollow sections. This technique is widely used to manufacture handholds and pipes for transportation of fluids in particular. The process sequence of WAIT is characterised by the injection of water into the mould part after the filling stage. Thus, the still liquid melt is displaced and a cavity is formed in the interior of the part. Since WAIT is primarily used for the production of technical parts, a comprehensive quality control and process monitoring is essential [2, 3]. The moulding process is much more complex compared to the injection moulding of compact parts. Furthermore, internal properties (e.g. the residual wall thickness, eccentricity) or internal part defects (e.g. water inclusions) play a decisive role in the compliance with quality requirements. A promising approach in this context is the utilisation of the ultrasonic measurement technology for the analysis of the hollow space formation and for the identification of internal part properties. 5 Refs.
